Northern (Yuan) Wei (A.D. 386-535):
Beichao wushi cidian 北朝五史辭典 [Dictionary of the Five Histories of the Northern Dynasties] , 2 vols., ed. Jian Xiuwei 簡修煒. Jinan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe, 2000. Dictionary of people, places and terms in the Bei shi, Wei shu, Bei Zhou shu, Bei Qi shu, and Sui shu.
b. History
Chase, Kenneth W. "The dict of 495 econsidered." JESHO 39:4 (November 1996): 383-97.
Dien, Albert E. "Elite lineages and the T'o-pa accomodation: a study of the edict of 495," JESHO 19:1 (1975):61-88.
Duman, Lazar Isaevich. "Historii gosudarstv Toba Vei i Lyao i ikh syyazei s Kitaem [Contribution to the history of the states of Toba Wei and Liao, and their relations with China]," Uchenuie Zapiski Instituta Vostokovedeniya 2 (1955):3-36.
Duman, Lazar Isaevich. "Obshchestvennae stroi Sianbi i Toba [The social system of the Xianbi and Tuoba]." In Voprosi Istorii i Istoriografii Kitaia, ed. L.I. Duman. Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Narodov Azii, 1968.
Eberhard, Wolfram. Das Toba-reich nordchinas: eine soziologische untersuchung. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1949.
Eisenberg, Andrew. "Retired emperorship in medieval China: the Northern Wei." TP 77:1-3 (1991): 49-87.
Golavachev, Valentin C. "Matricide among the Tuoba-Xianbei and its Transformation during the Northern Wei." EMC 8 (2002): 1-41.
Ho, Ping-ti. "Lo-yang, A.D. 495-534," HJAS 26 (1966):52-101.
Holmgren, Jennifer. Annals of Tai: Early T'o-pa History; an Annotated Translation of Chapter 1 of Wei Shu. Canberra: The Australian National University, 1982.
________ "The Making of An Elite: Local Politics And Social Relations in Northeastern China during The Fifth Century A.D." PFEH 30 (September 1984): 1-79.
_______. "Northern Wei as A Conquest Dynasty: Current Perceptions; Past Scholarship." PFEH 40 (1989).
_______. "Political organization of non-Han states in China: the role of imperial princes in Wei, Liao and Yuan." Journal of Oriental Studies 25:1 (1987): 1-48.
_______. "Princes and Favorites at The Court of Emperor Shih-tsung of Northern Wei, c.500-510." Journal of Oriental Studies 20:2 (1982): 95-127.
_______. "Wei-shu Records on The Bestowal of Imperial Princesses during The Northern Wei Dynasty." PFEH 27 (March 1983): 21-97.
_______. "Women And Political Power in The Traditional T'o-pa Elite: A Preliminary Study of The Biographies of Empresses in The Wei-shu." MS 35 (1981-83): 33-74.
Jenner, William John Francis. "Northern Wei Loyang: An Unnecessary Capital?" PFEH 23 (March 1981): 147-163.
Ligeti, Louis. "Le Tabghatch, un dialecte de la langue Sien-pi." In Mongolian Studies, ed. by Louis Ligeti, Amsterdam: Verlag B.R. Gruner, 1970), 265-308.
Ware, James R. "Notes on The History of The Wei Shu," JAOS 52:1 (March 1932):35-45.
Ware, James R. "An Ordeal Among The T'o-pa Wei," TP 32 (1936):205-9.
Wenley, Archibald Gibson. The Grand Empress Dowager Wen Ming and the Northern Wei necropolis at Fang Shan. Washington: Freer Gallery of Art, 1947.
c. Government
Zheng Xinren 鄭钦仁. Bei Wei guanliao jigou yanjiu 北魏官僚機構研究 [Study of the Bureaucracy of the Northern Wei]. Taipei: Mutong chubanshe, 1976.
d. Literature and Language
Bazin, Louis. "Recherches
sur les parlers T'o-pa, TP 39 (1949-50):228-329.
Boodberg, Peter A. "The Language of The T'o-pa Wei,"
HJAS 1 ( ):167-85.
Lim, An-king. "On the Etymology of T'o-pa,"
CAJ 44 (2000):30-44.
Historiography
Wei shu:
Wei Shou 魏收. Wei shu 魏書 [History of the Northern Wei]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1995.
Translations:
Holmgren, Jennifer. Annals of Tai: Early T'o-pa History; an Annotated Translation of Chapter 1 of Wei Shu. Canberra: The Australian National University, 1982.
Hurvitz, Leon, trans. "Wei Shou, Treatise on Buddhism and Taoism: An English Translation of the Original Chinese Text of Wei shu CXIV and the Japanese Annotation of Tsukamoto, Zenryū." In Yün-kang: The Buddhist Cave Temples of the Fifth Century A.D. in North China. Vol. 16. Kyoto: Kyoto University, Institute of Humanities, 1956. Rev. Donald Holzman. JAS 17.3 (1958): 474-76.
Studies:
Blue, Rhea C. "The Argumentation of the Shih-Huo Chih Chapters of the Han, Wei and Sui Dynastic Histories," HJAS 11.1/2 (June 1948):1-118.
Dien, Albert E. "Wei Tan and the Historiography of the Wei-shu." In Paul W. Kroll and David R. Knechtges, eds. Studies in Early Medieval Chinese Literature and Cultural History: In Honor of Richard B. Mather and Donald Holzman. Provo. UT: T'ang Studies Society, 2003, 399-466.
Ware, James R. "Notes on
the history of the Wei Shu," Journal of the American Oriental
Society 52:1 (March 1932):35-45.
e. Society
Women
Dien, Albert E. "Elite
Lineages and the T'o-pa Accommodation: A Study of the Edict of 495,"
JESHO 19:1 (1975):61-88.
Golavachev,
Valentin C. “Matricide among the Tuoba-Xianbei and its Transformation during
the Northern Wei”
EMC 8 (2002):1-42.
Holmgren,
Jennifer. “Widow Chastity in the Northern Dynasties: The Lieh-nü Biographies in the
Wei-shu,” PFEH 23 (1981): 165–186.
_____. "The
Making of An Elite: Local Politics And Social Relations in Northeastern
China during The Fifth Century A.D."
PFEH 30 (September 1984): 1-79.
_____. Marriage, Kinship and Power in Northern China. Aldershot, U.K., and Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1995. Collection of seven articles by a leading scholar of Northern Wei history.
_____. "Race and Class in
Fifth Century China: the Emperor Kao-tsu's Marriage Reform,"
EMC,
2(1994-95):86-117.
_____. "Widow chastity in
the northern dynasties: the
lieh-nu biographies in the Weishu."
PFEH 23 (March 1981): 165-186.
f. Economy
Blue, Rhea C. "The Argumentation of the Shih-Huo Chih Chapters of the Han, Wei and Sui Dynastic Histories," HJAS 11.1/2 (June 1948):1-118.
g. Thought and Religion
Yang Hsuan-chih (Yang
Xuanzhi). A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang, tr. Yi-t'ung
Wang. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.
h. Art and Archeology
Wenley, Archibald
Gibson. The Grand Empress Dowager Wen Ming and the Northern Wei
necropolis at Fang Shan. Washington: Freer Gallery of Art, 1947
i. Foreign Affairs
j. Electronic Texts of Primary Sources
Luoyang qielan ji jiaozhu
洛陽伽藍記
electronic text. Scripta Sinica (see above) searchable text of Yang
Xuanzhi's Louyangqielan ji.May be accessed on the Institute of History and Philology website http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/ftmsw3 Open 人文資料庫師生版1.1 and then click on 選自〔古籍十八種〕.
Qimin yaoshu
齊民要術 electronic text.
Scripta Sinica searchable text of Jia Sixie's (6th C.) Qimin
yaoshu. May be accessed on the Institute of History and Philology website http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/ftmsw3 Open 人文資料庫師生版1.1 and then click on 選自〔古籍十八種〕.
Qimin yaoshu
齊民要術 electronic text.
An electronic version of the 1982 annotated edition of the Former Han
agricultural work Fan Shengzhi shu
published by Nongye chubanshe of Beijing. From
the website Chinese Agricultural
History and Culture maintained by The Institute for the History of Natural Science,
Chinese Academy of Sciences.. This edition is the same as the
previous. http://agri-history.net/books/qmysml.htm.
Wei
shu
魏書
electronic text.
Scripta Sinica
searchable text and commentary of Wei Shou’s Wei shu based on the Zhonghua shuju edition.
May be accessed through the 二十五史 link at http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/ftmsw3
Simplified character version
http://www.cnread.net/cnread1/lszl/w/weishou/ws/index.html
