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a. Reference Chennault, Cynthia L. “An Annotated Bibliography of Western Works on Early
Medieval China (1997-2001), EMC 8 (2002):99-136.
Very useful, though the annotations are limited and not critical.
Dien, Albert. "Six Dynasties Bibiliography in Western Languages 1970-1980." EMC 5 (1999): 110-18. Early Medieval China Group. Web site of the Early Medieval China Group, whose "main goal is to increase and broaden understanding of China's "early medieval age," roughly defined as late Han into early Tang." This site contains a fairly extensive bibliography of materials in Western languages on the period, which often gives citations for reviews for reviews of listed books. There are also a list of the members of the EMCG, links to archives of back issues of the group's annual journal Early Medieval China subscription information, and a link for posting items to the EMCG discussion list, emedch-l. http://www.aall.ufl.edu/EMC Eonomoto, Aiyuchi. "Wei-Jin Nanbeichao Studies in Japan (1992)," EMC, 1(1995-96):118-34. The bibliographic essay provides a good introduction to the issues of concern to Japanese specialists. Frankel, Hans. comp. Catalogue of Translations from the Chinese Dynastic Histories for the Period 220-960. Chinese Dynastic History Translations, Supplement no. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957. Guang Li’an 鄺利安. Wei Jin Nan Beichao shi yanjiu lunwen shumu yinde 魏晉南北朝史研究論文書目引得 [Index to Articles on the History of the Wei, Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties]. Taibei: Taiwan Zhonghua shuju, 1971. Lists 2074 titles of Chinese and Japanese articles published between 1912 and 1969. Klein, Kenneth. "Bibliography of Western Works on Early Medieval China (1981-1993), Part I: Art, History, Language, Literature, and Pastoral Nomadic Peoples," EMC, 1(1994):150-60. _______. "Bibliography of Western
Works on Early Medieval China (1981-1993),
Part 2: Philosophy, Religion, and Tunhuang,"
EMC, 1(1995-96):135-44.
Lu, Xiuwen. "Studies of Wei-Jin Nanbeichao (A.D. 220-589) History in Mainland China (1990-1991)," EMC, 1(1994):97-111. Noda, Toshiaki. "Japanese Studies on Wei-Jin Nanbeichao History in 1991," EMC, 1(1994):112-27. Pearce, Scott. "A Survey of Recent Research in Western Languages on the History of Early Medieval China," EMC, 1 (1994):128-49. Guoxue.com In Chinese and focused on the PRC, this is an incredibly rich site that includes links to data bases (e.g., the twenty-five dynastic histories), reference materials, articles and discussion groups. It also contains information on current research trends, new publications, and the activities of different schools and institutes. This site is very much worth consulting by anyone working in Early Imperial or Early Medieval China. http://guoxue.com/ Les classiques des sciences sociales. Go to this site, which is owned by the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, and perform a search on “chine” This will take you to a page with downloadable versions of many of the most important works of early French Sinologists, including Biot, Chavannes, Cordier, Couvreur, Granet, Grousset, Maspero and Wieger. Some work by DeGroot and Duyvendak is also included. A real treasure. http://classiques.uqac.ca/ Nanchao wu shi cidian 南朝五史辭典 [Dictionary to the Five Standard Histories of the Southern Dynasties]. Ed. by
Yuan, Yingguang 袁英光, et al.. Jinan Shi : Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe, 2005. Schipper, Kristofer and Franciscus Verellen, eds. The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the Daozang . 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. Rev. Judith Magee Boltz. TP 92 (2006): 495-511. Part 1 of Volume 1(pp. 55-208) covers the Eastern Zhou through the Six Dynasties, and Volume 3 contains biographies and bibliography for the same periods. Shimokura Shō 下仓涉. "2001 Riben shixuejie guanyu Wei, Jin Nan-Bei chao shi de yanjiu" 2001 日本史学界关于魏晋南北朝史的研究 [Historical Studies of the Wei, Jin Northen and Southern Dynasties in Japan in 2001], Zhongguo shi yanjiu dongtai 中国史研究动态 2003.8:21-7. Tao Xiandu 陶贤都.
"2002 Wei, Jin Nan-Bei chao shi yanjiu zongshu 魏晋南北朝史研究综述
[Overview of Studies in Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties
History during 2002], Zhongguo shi yanjiu dongtai 中国史研究动态 2003.7: 2-8.
Xiangyata 象牙塔. An extraordinarily rich site for early Chinese history. Contains news of the field, scholarly articles, news on new publications, and links to useful sites. Should be consulted by anyone doing research on the period. http://www.xiangyata.net/ Zhongguo qing-shaonian xin shiji du shu wang ("China Youth Readings Net") Although this site is not intended for a scholarly readership, it does contain digital (and searchable) versions of a number of important texts from the Han-Tang period. For example, the section on thought includes Shi shuo xin yu and the Wen xin diao long, The section on literature includes poetry and prose. Simplified characters. > http://www.cnread.net/cnread1/gdwx/index.html Zhongguo lishixue nianjian 中国历史学年鉴 [Chinese Historical Studies Annual]. Published since 1980. Contains overviews for the year broken down by historical period, reports on conferences, archeological discoveries, bibliographies, and news of the field. Very useful. Zhongguo shi yanjiu dongtai 中国史研究动态 [
English title: Trends of Recent Resesearches on the History of China].
Zhonguo Wei Jin Nan-Bei chao shixue hui 中国魏晋南北朝史学会 Website of the China Wei Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties History Society. Contains news of the field in China, bibliographical resources for China and Japan, and articles and reviews. A valuable resource. http://www.6ch.com.cn/ b. History Bielenstein, Hans. "The Six Dynasties," Vol. I, BMFEA 68 (1996):5-324; Vol. II, BMFEA 69 (1997):5-246. Volume I covers the political history of the Southern Dynasties; Volume II is arranged topically. Relies mainly on the dynastic histories. Chen Yinke 陳寅恪. "Sui Tang zhidu yuanyuan luelun gao" 隋唐制度淵源略論稿 [Draft Discussion of the Origins of Sui-Tang Institutions.]. In Chen Yinke xiansheng lun ji 陳寅恪先生論集. Zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi shiyu yanjiuso tekan 3. Taibei: Zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi shiyu yanjiuso, 1971,1-104. An influential article that uncovers the origins of Sui-Tang institution in the early medieval period and thus enriches our understanding of the history of that period. Chen, Yinke 陈寅恪, and Wan Shengnan 万绳楠. Chen Yinke Wei Jin Nan bei chao shi jiang yan lu 陈寅恪魏晋南北朝史讲演录 [Record of Chen Yinke's Lectures on Wei Jin Nan-Bei chao History]. Hefei Shi: Huangshan shu she, 1987. Wan was a student of Chen Yinke and himself a specialist on Six Dynasties history. These are the lectures Chen delivered at Qinghua University in 1947-48. Crowell, William G. "Northern Émigrés and the Problems of Census Registration under the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties." In Albert E. Dien, ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, 171-209. _____. "Social Unrest and Rebellion in Jiangnan during the Six Dynasties." Modern China 9 (1983): 319-54. Dien, Albert E., ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990. Collection of articles, some of which were presented at the conference "State and Society in Early Medieval China" held at Stanford in August 1980. Other essays were solicited from leading scholars in the field.Graff, David A. Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900. London & New York: Routledge, 2002. Rev. Scott Pearce, EMC 9 (2004):145-9. Holcombe, Charles. In the Shadow of the Han: Literati Thought and Society at the Beginning of the Southern Dynasties. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. Rev. Ben Elman. MS 45 (1997):486-7. _____. “Re-Imagining China: The Chinese Identity Crisis at the Start of the Southern Dynasties Period,” JAOS 115.1 (1995): 1-14. Hu Axiang 胡阿祥. "Qiao zhi di yuanliu yu Dong Jin
Nanchao qiaozhou, jun, xian di chansheng" 侨置的源流与东晋南朝侨州郡县的产生 [The origin
and development of lodged units and the birth of the lodged
provinces, commanderies and prefectures of the Eastern Jin and Southern
Dynasties]. In 郑州大学历史学院编《高敏先生八十华诞纪念文集》Beijing: Xianzhuang shuju, 2006. Electronic copy available at http://6ch.com.cn/data/articles/c08/144.htm Kawakatsu, Yoshio 川勝義雄. Gi Shin Nanbokuchō 魏 晋南北朝 [The Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties]. Tōkyō: Kōdansha, 1974. Kawakatsu was one of Japan's leading authorities on the period. Though this volume is intended for a non-specialist audience, it is a good initiation for someone wishing to try Japanese. Miyakawa Hisayuki 宮川尚志. Rikuchō shi kenkyū: seiji, shakai hen 六朝史研究 : 政治. 社会篇 [Studies in Six Dynasties History: Politics and Society]. Kyōtō: Heirakuji shoten, 1964. Classic work by one of the world's leading scholars in the field. Kroll, Paul W. and David R. Knechtges. Studies in Early Medieval Chinese Literature and Cultural History . In Honor of Richard B. Mather and Donald Holzman. Boulder, CO: The T'ang Studies Society, 2003. Rev. Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer. MS 53 (2005):488-9. Okazaki, Fumio 岡崎文夫 and Shizuo Ikeda 池田靜夫.
Kōnan bunka kaihatsushi: sono chiriteki kiso kenkyū 江南文化開發史 : その地理的基礎硏究.
Tōkyō: Kōbundō Shobō,
1940. Okazaki, Fumio 岡崎文夫. Gi-Shin-Nanbokuchō tsūshi 魏晋南北朝通史 [General History of The Wei, Chin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties]. Tōkyō: Kōbundō Shobō, 1933. Okazaki was one of the modern pioneers of Early Medieval China's history, and though his work it is somewhat dated, it is still worth consulting. The work's continuing value is suggested by the numerous reprints. Pearce, Scott, Audrey Spiro, and Patricia Ebrey, eds. Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200-600. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003. Collection of nine articles on different aspects of the literature, government institutions, economy, art, religion and thought of the Nan-Bei chao period and an overview “Introduction” on “key features of the historical landscape of the period. Tang Changru 唐长孺. Wei Jin Nanbeichao shi lun cong 魏晉南北朝史論叢 [Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties History: Collected Articles]. Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1955. Various reprints. With He Ziquan (Ho Tze-chuan), Wang Zhongluo, and Zhou Yiliang, Tang was one of China's leading post-liberation historians of the early medieval period. _____. Wei Jin Nan bei chao shi lun cong xu bian 魏晉南北朝史論叢續編 [Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties History: Collected Articles Supplement] . Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1959. Various reprints. _____. Wei Jin Nan Bei chao shi lun shi yi 魏晉南北朝史論拾遺 [Miscellaneous Studies on Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties History]. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju : Xin hua shu dian, 1983. Yano Chikara 矢野主税 . Tō Shin ni okeru Nam-Boku jin tairitsu mondai -- sono seiji teki kocha 東晋における南北人対立問題l --その政治的考察 Enmity between Northerners and Southerners during the Eastern Jin -- A Political Study]. Tōyōshi kenkyū: 東洋史研究 26.3 (Dec. 1967): 36-61. _____. Tō Shin ni okeru Nam-Boku jin tairitsu mondai -- sono shakai teki kocha 東晋における南北人対立問題l --その社会的考察 [Enmity between Northerners and Southerners during the Eastern Jin -- A Social Study]. Shigaku zasshi 史学雑誌 77.10 (Oct. 1968): 41-60. Yasuda Jirō 安田二朗. Rikuchō seijishi no kenkyū 六朝政治史の研究 [Studies on Six Dynasties Political History]. Kyōtō: Kyōtō daigaku gakushutsu shuppan kai, 2003. Wang Zhongluo 王仲荦. Wei Jin Nan Bei chao shi 魏晉南北朝史 [History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties]。 2 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chuban she, 2003. Originally published in 1979-80, this remains perhaps the best general history of the period in Chinese, its Marxist rhetoric notwithstanding. Very rich in detail. Zheng Xin 郑欣. Wei Jin Nan-Bei chao shi tansuo 魏 晋南北朝史探索 [Explorations in the History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties]. Ji'nan: Shandong daxue, 1989. A student of Chen Yinke, Zheng has also published under his full name 郑佩欣. Zhou Yiliang 周一良. Wei Jin Nan bei chao shi lun ji 魏晉南北朝史論集 [Collected Articles in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties History]. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1963. _____. Wei Jin Nan Bei chao shi zha ji 魏晉南北朝史札記 [Notes on Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties History]. Shenyang: Liaoning jiaoyu chuban she, 1998.
c. Government Dien, Albert. “Civil Service Examinations: Evidence from the Northwest.” In Scott Pearce, Audrey Spiro, and Patricia Ebrey, eds. Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200-600. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003, 99-121. Holzman, Donald. “Les débuts du système médiéval de choix et de classement des fonctionnaires: Les Neuf Catégories et l’Impartial et Juste.” In Mélanges publiés par l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises. Tome XI. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1957, pp. 387-414. Miyazaki Ichisada 宮崎市定. Kyūhin kan jinhō no kenkyū: kakyo zenshi 九品官人法:科擧前史 [Studies of the Nine Grades System of Officers: Early History of Recruitment]. Kyoto: Dōbōsha, 1956. The classic study of the evolution of the early medieval system of recruitment of officials. An important and influential study. Wang, Zhenglu 汪征鲁. Wei Jin Nan Bei chao xuan guan ti zhi yan jiu 魏晋南北朝选官体制研究 [Study of the Form of Official Recruitment during the Wei, Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties] . Fuzhou: Fujian ren min chu ban she, 1995. A comprehensive study with many tables. Yano Chikara 矢野主稅. Gi Shin hyakkan seikeihyō 魏晋百官世系表 [Table of Generational Office-Holding in the Wei-Jin Period]. Nagasaki : Nagasaki Daigaku Shigakkai, 1971.
d. Literature Berkowitz, Alan with Liu Yuejin. “A Selective Bibliography of Recent Chinese Books on Early Medieval Literature, EMC 8 (2002):151-66. Berkowitz, Alan. “Literary Studies of the Southern and Northern Dynasties—A Note on a Few Helmsmen and on Navigating the Who, What, and When,” EMC 8 (2002):137-150. Chang, Kang-i Sun. Six Dynasties Poetry (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1986). Rev. Donald Holzman HJAS 48.1 (June 1988):244-50. Egan, Charles H. "Reconsidering the Role of Folks Songs in Pre-T'ang Yüeh-fu Development," TP 86.1-3 (2000): 1-99. Holzman, Donald. Chinese Literature in Transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Aldershot, U.K., and Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1998. Collected articles by one of the foremost scholars of the literature and history of the late Han-Six Dynasties period. _____. Immortals, Festivals, and Poetry in Medieval China. Aldershot, U.K., and Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1998. David R. Knechtges. Court Culture and Literature in Early China. Aldershot, U.K., and Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 2002. Collected articles by one of the foremost scholars of the literature and history of the Han-Six Dynasties period. _____. trans. Wen xuan, or Selections of
Refined Literature. Volume 1, Rhapsodies on Metropolises and Capitals.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982. Masterfully translated, Prof.
Knechtges' Wen xuan volumes should be
consulted not only for the important works of literature it contains but for the discussions
of genre and the copious notes which, with the excellent indexes, form an
extremely useful reference to all manner of terms for the early imperial period.
Rev. Daniel Bryant. HJAS 44.1 (June
1984):249-57.
_____, trans. Wen xuan, or Selections of
Refined Literature. Volume 2, Rhapsodies on Sacrifices, Hunting, Travel,
Sightseeing, Palaces and Halls, Rivers and Seas. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1987. Rev. Daniel Bryant, HJAS 50.1,
Jun., 1990 341-346. _____. Wen xuan, or Selections of Refined Literature. Volume 3, Rhapsodies on Natural Phenomena, Birds and Animals, Aspirations and Feelings, Sorrowful Laments, Literature, Music, and Passions. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Rev. Wilt L. Idema, TP 85.4/5: 453-55. Mather, Richard B., trans., Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World. 2nd edition. Michigan Classics in Chinese Studies 95. Ann Arbor, 2002. This is a completely revised version of Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1976. Qian, Nanxiu. Spirit and Self in Medieval China: The Shih-shuo hsin-yü and Its Legacy. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001.Richter, Antje. "Letters and Letter Writing in Early Medieval China," EMC 12 (2006). Ting Pang-hsin. Chinese Phonology of the Wei–Chin Period: Reconstruction of the Finals as Reflected in Poetry. Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Special Publications, no. 65. Taibei, 1975. Watson, Burton, tr. Chinese Rhyme-Prose: Poems in the Fu Form from the Han and Six Dynasties Periods. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1971 Historiography:
Beasley, W. G., and Edwin G. Pulleyblank.
Historians of China and Japan.
London: Oxford University Press,
1961.
Bielenstein, Hans. “Notes on the Shui ching,” BMFEA 65 (1993): 257-83. Franke, Herbert. “Some Remarks on the Interpretation of Chinese Dynastic Histories,” Oriens 3 (1950): 113-122. Frankel, Hans H. Catalogue of Translations from the Chinese Dynastic Histories for the Period 220–960. Chinese Dynastic Histories Translations Supplement No. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957. Gardiner, K.H.J. “Standard Histories, Han to Sui.” In Donald D. Leslie, Colin Macerras, and Gungwu Wang, eds. Essays on the Sources for Chinese History. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1973. Lu, Yaodong 逯耀東. Wei Jin shixue di sixiang yu shehui jichu 魏晋史學的思想與社會基礎 [The Intellectual and Social Basis of Wei Jin Historiography] Taibei: Dongda tushu gufen youxian gongsi, 2000. Collection of writings on the development of historiography during the WJNBC period. Useful treatment that seems to have been overlooked by recent Western studies on the historiography of the early medieval period. _____. Wei Jin shixue ji qita 魏晋史學及其他 [Wei Jin Historiography and Others]. Taibei: Dongda tushu gufen youxian gongsi, 1998. Mansvelt Beck, B.J.. The Treatises of Later Han: Their Author, Sources, Contents and Place in Chinese Historiography. Sinica Leidensia no. 21. Leiden: Brill, 1990. Study of the work of the Jin historian Sima Biao with some reference to the historiography of the period.
Mather, Richard B., trans., Shih-shuo Hsin-yü:
A New Account of Tales of the World. 2nd edition. Michigan
Classics in Chinese Studies 95. Ann Arbor, 2002. This is a completely revised version of
Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1976. Qiu Min 邱敏. Liu chao shixue 六朝史学 [Six Dynasties Historiography]. Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe, 2004. Yano Chikara 矢野主税. “Betten no kenkyu” 別傳の研究 [Study of the Separate Biographies], Shakai kagaku ronso 社会科学論叢, 16 (March 1967):17-45. _____. “Jo no kenkyu 状の研究 [Study of the Personnel Records], Shigaku zasshi 史学雑誌, 76.2 (Feb. 1967): 15-46. Zhao, Chao. "Stone Inscriptions of the Wei-Jin Nanbeichao Period," Early Medieval China, 1(1994):84-96. Poetry
Tai, Earl S. "The Nineteen Ancient Poems: Reception and Canonization, 221-581 A.D." Ph.D. diss. Columbia, 2003.
Ting Pang-hsin. Chinese Phonology of the Wei–Chin Period: Reconstruction of the Finals as Reflected in Poetry. Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Special Publications, no. 65. Taibei, 1975. Zhiguai
Campany, Robert F. “Ghosts Matter: The Culture of Ghosts in Six Dynasties
Zhiguai.” CLEAR 13 (December 1991):15–34.
"Smith, Thomas E. "Where Chinese Administrative Practices and Tales of the Strange Converge: The Meaning of Gushi in the Han Wudi Gushi" EMC, 1(1994):1-33. e. Thought and Religion: Berkowitz, Alan. Patterns of Disengagement: The Practice and Portrayal of Reclusion in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Rev. Aat Vervoon, HJAS 62.1 (2002):247-56; Stephen Eskildsen. MS 50 (2002):678-80; Donald Holzman, TP 88.4-5 (2002):442-45.. Chan, Wing-tsit. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963). Eichman, Shawn Robb. "Converging Paths: A Study of Daoism during the Six Dynasties, with Emphsis on the Celestial Master Movement and the Scriptures of Highest Clarity." Ph.D. diss. University of Hawai'i, 1999. UnM AAT 9933023. Fung Yu-lan. A History of Chinese Philosophy, trans. by Derk Bodde. 2 vols. (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1952). Holzman, Donald. "The Cold Food Festival in Early Medieval China," HJAS 46.1 (June 1986): 51-79 Hsiao Kung-chüan. A History of Chinese Political Thought. Volume 1, From the Beginnings to the Sixth Century A.D. Tr. by F. W. Mote. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Mather, Richard B., trans., Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World. 2nd edition. Michigan Classics in Chinese Studies 95. Ann Arbor, 2002. This is a completely revised version of Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1976.
Miyakawa, Hisayuki 宮川尚志.
Rikuchō shi kenkyuō: shūkyū hen
六朝史研究 : 宗敎篇.
[Research on the History of the Six Dynasties: Religion]. Kyōtō :
Heirakuji Shoten, 1964.
Russell, T.C. "Revelation and Narrative in the Zhoushi Mintongji," EMC, 1(1994):34-59. Schipper, Kristofer and Franciscus Verellen, eds. The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the Daozang . 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. Rev. Judith Magee Boltz. TP 92 (2006): 495-511. Part 1 of Volume 1(pp. 55-208) covers the Eastern Zhou through the Six Dynasties, and Volume 3 contains biographies and bibliography for the same periods. Sigwalt, Patrick. “Le rite funéraire Linbao à travers le Wulin shengshi jing (Ve siécle),” TP 92.4-5 (2006): 325-72. Strickmann, Michel, ed. Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R.A. Stein. 3 vols. Mélanges chinois et bouddhiques 20-22 (1981-85). Strickmann, Michel. “On the Alchemy of T’ao Hung-ching.” In Holmes Welch and Anna Seidel, eds. Facets of Taoism: Essays in Chinese Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979, 123-92. Sun Shuqi 孙述圻. Liu chao sixiang shi 六朝思想史 [Intellectual History of the Six Dynasties]. Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe, 1992. Tsai, Julius Nanting. "In the Steps of Emperors and Immortals: Imperial Mountain Journeys and Daoist Meditation and Ritual." Ph.D. diss. Stanford University. 2004. UnM AAT 3111811. Ware James R., tr. Alchemy, Medicine, and Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei P’ien of Ko Hung (Pao-p’u tzu). Cambridge, Mass., and London: M.I.T. Press, 1966; rpt., Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 1981.
Welch, Holmes, and Anna Seidel, eds. Facets of Taoism: Essays in Chinese Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Welch, Holmes. Taoism: The Parting of the Way. Revised edition. Boston: Beacon Press, 1965. Yü, Ying-shih. “Individualism and the Neo-Taoist Movement in Wei-Chin China.” In Donald J. Munro, ed. Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies 52. Ann Arbor, 1985, 121-55. Ziporyn, Brook. The Penumbra Unbound: The Neo-Taoist Philosophy of Guo Xiang. Albany: SUNY Press, 2003. Buddhism Chen, Jinhua. “Paûcavārṣika Assemblies in Liang Wudi’s Buddhist Palace Chapel,” HJAS 66.1 June 2006): 43-103.
Chʻen, Kenneth K. S. Buddhism in China, A Historical Survey. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964. _____. The Chinese transformation of Buddhism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973. Corless, Roger J. "T'an-luan: Taoist Sage and Buddhist Bodhisattva." In David W. Chappell, ed. Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society: Taoist and Buddhist Studies II. Asian Studies at Hawaii no. 34. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1987, 36-45. Despeux, Catherine, ed. Bouddhisme et lettrÄs dans la Chine médiévale. Paris/Louvain: éditions Peeters, 2002. Rev. Françoise Wang-Toutain, TP 92.1-3 (2006): 196-208. Donner, Neal. "Chih-i's Meditation ion Evil." In David W. Chappell, ed. Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society: Taoist and Buddhist Studies II. Asian Studies at Hawaii no. 34. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1987, 49-64. Fa-Hien (Faxian). A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an account by the Chinese monk Fa--hien of His Travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp, 1965 [1886]. Forte, Antonino. The hostage An Shigao and his offspring : an Iranian family in China. Kyoto: Istituto Italiano du Cultura, Scuola di Studi sull'Asia Orientale, 1995. Gernet, Jacques. Les aspects économiques du Bouddhisme dans la société chinois du Ve au Xe siécle. Saiigon: École Française d'Extrême-Orient, 1956. Rev. Edwin G. Pulleyblank, JESHO 1.1 (Aug. 1957): 154-6. He Ziquan (Ho Tzu-chuan) 何玆全, ed. Wushi nian lai Han-Tang fojiao siyuan jingji yanjiu 五十年来汉唐佛教寺院经济研究 [Fifty Years of Studies on Han-Tang Buddhist Temple Economy]. Beijing: Beijing shifan daxue chubanshe, 1986. Hou, Xudong 侯旭東. Wu liu shiji beifang minzhong fojiao xinyang 五六世纪北方民众佛教信仰 [Common People’s Buddhist Beliefs in Northern China during the Fifth and Sixth Centuries (title supplied)]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1998. Hsing,
I-tien. ""Heracles in the East: The Diffusion and Transformation of
His Image in the Arts of Central Asia, India, and Medieval China," AM 3rd Ser. 18.2 (2005):103-54.
Hurvitz, Leon.
Chih-i (538-597); an introduction to the life and ideas of a Chinese Buddhist monk.
Mélanges chinois et bouddhiques, v. 12, 1960-62.
Brussels, 1962.
_____, trans. "Wei Shou, Treatise on Buddhism and Taoism: An English Translation of the Original Chinese Text of Wei shu CXIV and the Japanese Annotation of Tsukamoto, Zenryū." In Yün-kang: The Buddhist Cave Temples of the Fifth Century A.D. in North China. Vol. 16. Kyoto: Kyoto University, Institute of Humanities, 1956. Rev. Donald Holzman. JAS 17.3 (1958): 474-76. _____, and Arthur E. Link. "Three Prajnaparamita Prefaces of Tao-an. En hommage à M. Paul Demiéville." In Mélanges de sinologie oferts à Monsieur Paul Demiéville. 20.2. Paris: Bibliotheque des hautes études chinoises, 1974. Kieschnick, John. The Eminent Monk : Buddhist Ideals in Medieval Chinese Hagiography. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1997. Rev. Eric Reinders. Journal of Buddhist Ethics 5 (May 1998): 113-15. _____. The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. Lai, Whalen. "The Earliest Folk Buddhist Religion in China: T'i-wei Po-li Ching and its Historical Significance." In David W. Chappell, ed. Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society: Taoist and Buddhist Studies II. Asian Studies at Hawaii no. 34. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1987, 11-35. _____. "Society and the Sacred in the Secular City: Temple Legends of the Lo-yang Ch'ieh-lan-chi.' In Albert E. Dien, ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, 229-69. Liebenthal, Walter, tr. Chao lun : the Treatises of Sengzhao. [Hong Kong]: Hong Kong University Press, 1987. _____, and Kshitish Roy. Liebenthal Festschrift. Sino-Indian studies, v. 5, parts 3 & 4. Santiniketan: Visvabharati, 1957. de Rauw, Tom. “Baochang: Sixth Century Biographer of Buddhist Monks ... and Nuns?” JAOS 125.2 (2005): 203-18. Rhie, Marylin M. Early Buddhist art of China and Central Asia. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 1999-2002. Vol. 1. Later Han, Three Kingdoms, and Western Chin in China and Bactria to Shan-shan in Central Asia ; vol. 2 (2 pts.). The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in Chinas and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia. Tang Yongtong湯用彤. Han Wei liang Jin Nan Bei chao fojiao shi 漢魏兩晉南北朝佛教史 [History of Buddhism in the Han, Wei, Northern and Southern Dynasties]. Taibei: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1965. Tsukamoto, Zenryū. A History of Early Chiense Buddhiam, From Its Introduction to the Death of Hui-yüan. Trans. by Leon Hurvitz. 2 vols. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1985. Translation of Tsukamoto, Zenryū 塚本善隆．Chūgoku Bukkyō tsūshi 中国仏教通史. Vol 1. Tōkyō: Shunjūsha, 1979. Detailed study with a more useful bibliography than that found in Zürcher. Vande Walle, Willy. "Lay Buddhism among the Chinese: Hsiao-Tzu-liang (460-494) and His Entourage." Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 10:275-97. Wong, Dorothy C. Chinese Steles. Pre-Buddhist and Buddhist Use of a Symbolic Form. Honolulu: University of Hawai’I Press, 2004. Rev. Kuo Liying, TP 92 (2006): 209-18. Wright, Arthur F., and Robert M. Somers. Studies in Chinese Buddhism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. _____. Buddhism in Chinese history.
Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press,
1959.
Yang, Hsüan-chih. A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang. Tr, Yi-t'ung Wang. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984. Zürcher, Emil. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Leiden: Brill, 1972. The classic study and a beginning point for the topic. _____. Eschatology and Messianism in Early Chinese Buddhism. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1981. f. Society Ebrey, Patricia B. The Aristocratic Families Of Early Imperial China : A Case Study Of The Po-Ling Ts‘ui Family. Cambridge [Eng.]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Holcombe, Charles. In the Shadow of the Han: Literati Thought and Society at the Beginning of the Southern Dynasties. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994. Grafflin, Dennis. "The Great Family in Medieval South China." HJAS 41:1 (1981):65-74. _______. "The Onomastics of Medieval South China: Patterned Naming in the Lang-Yeh and T'ai-Yuan Wang." JAOS 103:2 (April-June 1983): 383-398. _______. "Reinventing China: Pseudobureaucracy in the Early Southern Dynasties." In Albert E. Dien, ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, 139-70. Johnson, David. The Medieval Chinese Oligarchy. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1977. Kawakatsu Yoshio. "L'aristocratie et la societe au debut des Six Dynasties," Zinbun: Memoirs of the Research Institute for Humanistic Studies (Kyoto) 17 (1981):107-160. Kawakatsu was an important member of the "Kyoto School." See entry below for Tanigawa Michio. _______. "La decadence de l'aristocratie chinoise sous les Dynasties du Sud," Acta Asiatica 21 (1971):13-38. Kawakatsu, Yoshio 川勝義雄. Rikuchō kizokusei shakai no kenkyū 六朝貴族制社会の研究 [Studies on Six Dynasties Aristocratic Society]. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, 1982. Lee, Jen-der. "Childbirth in Early Imperial China," Nan Nü 7.2 (2005):216-86. _____. "The life of women in the Six Dynasties," Journal of Women and Gender Studies 4 (1993):47-80. Mao, Han-kuang. "The Evolution in the Nature of the Medieval Genteel Families." In Albert E. Dien, ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, 73-109. Mather, Richard B. "Intermarriage as a Gauge of Family Status in the Southern Dynasties." In Albert E. Dien, ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, 211-28. Ochi Shigeaki. "The Southern Dynasties aristocratic system and dynastic change," Acta Asiatica 60 (1991):54-77. Ochi Shigeaki has been one of Japan's leading historians of the Six Dynasties period. His views empahisize the bureaucratic nature of the Six Dynasties aristocracy and their dependence on the imperial government. _______. "Thoughts on the understanding of the Han and the Six Dynasties," Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 35 (1977):1-73. Ochi Shigeaki 越智重明. Gi Shin Nanchō no kizokusei 魏晉南朝の貴族制 [The Elite Clans of the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties]. Tōkyō: Kenbun Shuppan, 1984. _____. Gi Shin Nanchō no seiji to shakai 魏晋南朝の政治と社会 [Government and Society in the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties]. Tōkyō: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1963. Spade, Beatrice. "The Education of Women in China during The Southern Dynasties," Journal of Asian History 13:1 (1979):15-41. Sun, E-tu Zen and John De Francis. Chinese Social History: Translations of Selected Studies. New York : Octagon Books, 1972 [1956]. Provides abridged translations of seminal articles in Chinese social history by pioneering modern Chinese historians. Though dated, these studies still merit consulting. Sun, Xiao and Pan Shaoping. “Order and
Chaos: The Social Position of Men and Women in the Qin, Han and Six
Dynasties Period.” In Jiayin Min, ed. The Chalice and the Blade in Chinese Culture: Gender Relations and Social Models. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1995, 226-69. Tang Changru. “Clients and Bound Retainers in the Six Dynasties Period.” In Albert E. Dien, ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, 111–138. Tanigawa Michio. Medieval Society and the Local "Community." Tr. Joshua A. Fogel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. Tanigawa is a leading representative of the "Kyoto School" and advanced the theory of the importance of kyōdōtai or "community" to explain, contra Marxist theory of class struggle, why Chinese history did not pass through similar stage of history to Europe and Japan. The "Translator's Introduction" provides a useful summary to this debate. On Tanigawa's influence, see also Wang Dajian 王大建. "Tanigawa Michio xiansheng yu Wei Jin Nan-Bei chao shi yanjiu" 谷川道雄先生与魏晋南北朝史研究 [Tanigawa Michio and the Study of the History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties], Wen shi zhe 文史哲 2003.1 (no. 274): 118-23. _____."Prominent family control in the Six Dynasties." Acta Asiatica 60 (1991):78-103. Wang, Yi-tʻung 王伊同. Wu chao men di: fu Gao men quan men shi xi hun yin biao 五 朝門第 : 附高門權門世系婚姻表 [Prominent Families of the Five Dynasties, with Appended Tables of Marriages by Generation among the Elite and Powerful Families]. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 2006 [1943]. Watson, Ruby and Patricia Buckley Ebrey. Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. Yano Chikara 矢野主稅. Gi Shin hyakkan seikeihyō 魏晋百官世系表 [Table of Generational Office-Holding in the Wei-Jin Period]. Nagasaki : Nagasaki Daigaku Shigakkai, 1971. Another important scholar of Six Dynasties society, Yano sees the aristocracy in Weberian terms as patrimonial bureaucrats. _____. Monbatsu shakai seiritsushi 門閥社会成立史 [History of the Establishment of the Oligarchic Society]. Tōkyō: Kokusho Kankōkai, 1976. Yasuda Jiro. "The Changing aristocratic society of the Southern Dynasties and regional society: particularly in the Hsiang-yang region." Acta Asiatica 60 (1991): 25-53. g. Economy Crowell, William G. “Government Land Policies and Systems in Early Imperial China.” Ph.D. diss. University of Washington, 1979. DEM 80-02845 Elvin, Mark. "Three Thouusand Years of Unsystainable Growth," EAH 6 (Dec. 1993):7-46. Gao Min 高敏. Wei Jin Nan bei chao jing ji shi 魏晋南北朝经济史 [Economic History of the Wei, Jin and Northern Southern Dynasties], 2 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin chubanshe, 1996. He Ziquan (Ho Tzu-chuan) 何玆全, ed. Wushi nian lai Han-Tang fojiao siyuan jingji yanjiu 五十年来汉唐佛教寺院经济研究 [Fifty Years of Studies on Han-Tang Buddhist Temple Economy]. Beijing: Beijing shifan daxue chubanshe, 1986. Li Jiannong 李劍農. Wei Jin Nan Bei chao Sui Tang jing ji shi gao 魏晉南北朝隋唐經濟史稿 [Draft Economic History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang] Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1958. A pioneering work on the subject. Liu, Shu-fen. “Jiankang and the Commercial Empire of the Southern Dynasties: Change and Continuity in Medieval Chinese Economic History. “ In Scott Pearce, Audrey Spiro, and Patricia Ebrey, eds. Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200-600. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003, 35-52. Okazaki, Fumio 岡崎文夫. Nanbokuchō ni okeru shakai keizai seido 南北朝に於ける社會経済制度 [Social and Economic Institutions in the Northern and Southern Dynasties]. Tōkyō: Kōbundō, 1955. Tang Changru 唐長孺. San zhi liu shiji Jiangnan da tudi suoyou zhi di fazhan 三至六世紀江南大土地所有制的发展 [Development of Large Landholdings in Jiangnan during the Third to Sixth Centuries.] Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chuban she, 1957. Various reprints. Xu Hui, Jiang Fuya 许辉, 蒋福亚 Liu chao jing ji shi 六朝经济史. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe, 1993.
h. Art and Archeology Hsing, I-tien. ""Heracles in the East: The Diffusion and Transformation of His Image in the Arts of Central Asia, India, and Medieval China," AM 3rd Ser. 18.2 (2005):103-54. Revised English version of article in Chinese cited below.
_____ (Xing Yitian)
邢義田.
"He-la-ke-li-si zai dongfang – qi xingxiang zai gudai Zhongya, Yindu he
Zhongguo zaoxing yishu zhong de liubo yu bianxing"
赫拉克利斯在東方－其形象在古代中亞、印度和中國造型藝術中的流播與變形
[Heracles (Hercules) in
the East: The Diffusion and Transformation of his Image in the Art of
Ancient Central Asia, India and China]. In Rong Xingjian
榮新江、Lixiaozong
李孝聰
eds.,
Zhongwai guanxishi–xin shiliao yu xin wenti 中外關係史－新史料與新問題. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2004, 15-47. Rhie, Marylin M. Early Buddhist art of China and Central Asia. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 1999-. Vol. 1. Later Han, Three Kingdoms, and Western Chin in China and Bactria to Shan-shan in Central Asia ; vol. 2. The Eastern Chin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period in Chinas and Tumshuk, Kucha and Karashahr in Central Asia (2 pts.).
Spiro,
Audrey. Contemplating the Ancients: Aesthtetic and Social Issues in Early Chinese Portraiture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990.
_____. “Hybrid Vigor: Memory, Mimesis, and the Matching of Meanings in Fifth-Century Buddhist Art.” In Scott Pearce, Audrey Spiro, and Patricia Ebrey, eds. Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200-600. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003,125-48. Tang Changru 唐長孺, ed. Tulufan chu tu wen shu 吐鲁番出土文書 [Excavated Documents from Turfan]. 中國文物硏究所, 新疆維吾爾自治區博物館, 武汉大學歷史系編. Beijing: Wenwu chuban she, 1992-1996. Wu, Hung. "The Transparent Stone: Inverted Vision and Binary Imagery in Medieval Chinese Art," Representations 46 (Spr. 1994):58-86. Zhang Guang-da. "Kocho (Kao-ch'ang)." In A.H. Dani, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, 3:303-14. i. Foreign Affairs Corradini, Piero. “The Barbarian States in North China,” CAJ 50.2 (2006): 163-232. An overview of the “Sixteen Kingdoms” with brief descriptions of each. Dani, A. H., et al. History of civilizations of Central Asia. 6 vols. Paris: UNESCO Pub, 1994-2005. Honey, David B. The Rise of the Medieval Hsiung-nu: The Biography of Liu Yüan. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, c1990. Jia Yiken 贾衣肯. "Xiongnu xi qian wenti yanjiu zong shu (shang, xia)" 匈奴西迁问题研究综述 (上下) [Overview of Research on the Question of the Xiongnu's Westward Migration, I & II]. Zhongguo shi yanjiu dongtai 中国史研究动态 2006.9:11-9, 2006.10:11-16. Silk Road Seattle. Web site. Maintained
by the Simpson Center for the Humanities at the University of Washington. "Silk
Road Seattle is an ongoing public education project using the "Silk Road" theme
to explore cultural interaction across Eurasia from the beginning of the Common
Era (A. D.) to the Seventeenth Century. Our principal goal is to provide via the
Internet materials for learning and teaching about the Silk Road. Much is
available here already: historical texts, well illustrated web pages on historic
cities and architecture and on traditional culture of the Central Asian nomads,
extensive annotated bibliographies of resources, an electronic atlas, and a
stunning virtual art exhibit drawing on museum collections from around the
world." This site links to a broad range of primary and secondary materials and
is useful for all levels from K-12 to advanced researchers. Maps. Links. Texts.
Illustrations. Maps. Timelines. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/
j. Electronic texts of Primary Sources: Bei shi electronic text. Scripta Sinica searchable text and commentary of Li Yanshou’s Bei shi. Based on the Zhonghua shuju punctuated edition. May be accessed through the 二十五史 link at http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/ftmsw3 Nan shi electronic text. Scripta Sinica searchable text and commentary of Li Yanshou’s Nan shi. Based on the Zhonghua shuju punctuated edition. May be accessed through the 二十五史 link at http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/ftmsw3 Zi zhi tong jian 資治通鋻
These are searchable electronic editions of Sima Guang's (1019-86)
monumental chronological history of China from 403 B.C. to A.D. 959.
This work serves as an important supplement and corroboration for the
standard histories. For the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, Sima
treated the regimes in the South as being legitimate successors to the
throne and designated his annals accordingly. However, the northern
regimes are also covered in the annals for the contemporaneous
southern regimes. Juan 79-176 cover the Northern and Southern
Dynasties.
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